valer Whenever an acid and a base react together, they cancel out or neutralize each other's properties reaction 1s termed as a neutralization reaction. The net product ofa neutralization reaction is The hydrogen (H) from acid reacts with hydroxide ions (OH )from bases to form water. A ralization reaction is an example of a double displacement reaction. Why are acids, bases and salts called electrolytes

S Acids, bases and salts called electrolytes Any substance which produces ions in solution is an electrolyte. All the acids, bases and salts

mduce ions in solution and they also conduct electricity. aOH of acids and bases either strong or weak: The strength of an acid or a base depends on the degree of their dissociation into ions when

Why are acids and bases either strong or weak solved in water. A strong acid or a strong base will give more H or OH ions respectively in an Aqueous solution. While a weak acid or a weak base will give less H or OH ions respectively in queous solution. Why are some salts acidic or basic

Ans. Some salts acidic or basic:

Normal salts do not have ionizable hydrogen or hydroxide ions. If an acid ionizes partially, its salt

20ntains ionizable hydrogen and it is acidic. If a base ionizes partially, its salt contains ionizable ydroxide and it is basic. Why is water called amphoteric inWater called amphoteric: water is called amphoteric because it acts both as an acid and a base. Water undergoes self ionization EYE Small quantities ofhydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH) in 77

S Modulus

ensil stress to longitudinal (or tensile) strain, within elastic limit.

Tensile stress

longitudinal strain Y Y=5 AL A__FL A. AL

The CGS unit is dyne/cm".

elasticity (or elastic constants).

s, bulk modulus and moduius of rigidity.

S Law

onal to the strain within elastic limit.

ant, i.e., the ratio of stress (o) to strain (E) is constant.

called modulus of elasticity (E). The graph between stress (löad) and strain 

im stress which deforms a body to such an extent that it cannot recover its origi-

Completely when the stress is removed. Here the strain increases more rapid

ess at the yield point.

ed beyond elastic lime, it acquires permanent set. Now tor a slight increase

large strain. It the wire is further loaded, it may break.

Or tensile strength is the maximum stress that a body can withstand without

Xpressed in N/m or dynelcm or Kg/cm. Beyond breaking point, fracture takes

ean by breaking stre

d horizontally at one end and loaded at the other end.

m in this experiment ratio